Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka tungsten (W), hiki paha iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo mua i ke filament i loko o kahi ʻōpuʻu kukui a i ʻole kahi mea ʻoki "tungsten steel". Akā ʻoi aku kona mau mana ma mua o kēia. Mai nā ʻenekini aerospace a i nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki, mai nā ʻāpana 5G a hiki i ke kāʻei kaua -poʻe pōʻai, ke hoʻololi nei kēia metala, kaena ʻana i ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa, i ko mākou ola ma nā ʻano he nui.
I. Ka Loaʻa ʻana o Tungsten: Mai "Pohaku Kaumaha" a hiki i ke Metala
I ka makahiki 1781, ua ʻike ʻo Scheele chemist Suedena i ka waikawa tungstic mai kahi mineral i kapa ʻia ʻo "wolferenite" (Swedish no "pōhaku kaumaha"). ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe ʻepekema Spanish i ka metala tungsten no ka manawa mua a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "wolfram" (he ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hū ʻana o ka ʻaila i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana), kahi i loaʻa ai kāna hōʻailona, "W."
ʻO Kina ka mea hana nui loa o ka tungsten ore, e paʻa ana ma luna o 60% o nā mālama mālama honua. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, ʻo "World Tungsten Capital," a ʻo 80% o nā huahana tungsten o ka honua e pili ana i ke kaulahao lako Kina.
II. Na Waiwai Kupaianaha o Tungsten
Ka Poʻokela Heʻe Heʻe: 3410 degere (ʻelua manawa o ka hao a ʻekolu manawa o ke keleawe)
Kumu Kūʻai: 19.3 g/cm³ (ma ka pā me ke gula)
ʻO ka Champion Paʻakikī: ʻO ka carbide tungsten i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, me ka paʻakikī e kokoke ana i ke daimana
Ka Manaʻo Kūʻē Kūʻē: ʻAʻole hiki i ka aqua regia ke hoʻopau iā ia
III. Nā hoʻohana hou o Tungsten
Hoʻomālamalama i ka nohona kanaka:
ʻO nā filament Tungsten i nā kukui kukui i hana maoli i ka hana a Edison
Ke hoʻohana mau nei nā pahu LED hou i nā electrodes tungsten
ʻOihana "Niho":
Mea Paahana Tungsten Carbide: ʻOki ʻana i ka māmā he 10 manawa ma mua o ke kila -kiʻekiʻe
ʻAila Drill Bits: Hana ma 8,000 mika ma lalo o ka honua
Nā Lako Kūʻai Kūʻē Lahui:
Mea Paʻa -Piercing Core: Hiki ke komo i 1-mika-mika mānoanoa pā kila
Rocket Engine Nozzles: Kū i nā mahana o 3,000 degere
Kākoʻo -ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe:
Nā mea hoʻohālikelike no nā kaʻa uila uila
Sputtering pahu hopu ma ka hana chip
Lapaʻau Lapaʻau:
Ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lāʻau Tungsten
ʻO nā ʻāpana kalaiwa ʻo Tungsten Carbide no ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana
IV. ʻO nā pilikia a me nā mea hoʻokūkū o Tungsten
Nā Luʻi Hana:
He paʻakikī ke hana kuʻuna, no laila ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka ʻenehana pauka.
Ke puka mai nei ka paʻi 3D o nā ʻāpana tungsten ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi hou.
Hoʻokūkū waiwai:
Ke hoʻokō nei ʻo Kina i nā ʻāpana kūʻai aku i ka tungsten.
Ua koho ʻo ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i ka tungsten ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi.
R&D ʻē aʻe:
Ke hoʻololi nei nā molybdenum alloys i ka tungsten ma kekahi mau wahi.
Hoʻopiʻi nā mea graphene i ka pono conductive o tungsten.
V. Nā palena o ka wā e hiki mai ana
ʻO nā ʻenehana Fusion Nuklear: Ke alo o ka Tungsten Armor i ka 100 miliona degere Plasma
Nā Kamepiula Kuantum: Nā ʻIke Hou o Tungsten-Ma muli o nā Mea Hoʻokele Superconducting
ʻO ka Mining Space: Nā Asteroids waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai Tungsten.
Ka hopena
Mai nā filament e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā hale he nui a hiki i ka mokulele e ʻimi ana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa; mai nā ʻāpana kelepona paʻakikī a hiki i nā lako pale e mālama ai i ka maluhia, tungsten, me kāna mau ʻano "paʻakikī", ua pāʻani i kahi kuleana i ka holomua o ka nohona kanaka. ʻO kēia metala, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "paʻakai ʻoihana," ke hōʻike kūʻokoʻa nei ʻo nā mea paʻakikī loa e hāʻawi pinepine i ka mālamalama lōʻihi loa. I ka manawa aʻe e hoʻololi ai ʻoe i kahi kī kukui, mai poina e hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia "mea lawe kukui" i hana leo ʻole no 140 mau makahiki.
